President Donald Trump on Tuesday issued pardons to 15 people, including those convicted as part of special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation, and four former Blackwater USA guards who were convicted of killing unarmed Iraqi civilians in Baghdad in 2007.
Trump also commuted all or some of the criminal sentences of five other people.
Those granted pardons include former congressmen Duncan Hunter of California, New York’s Chris Collins, and Steve Stockman of Texas.
Collins, who pleaded guilty last year to crimes related to tipping off his son about non-public information about a drug company, was the first member of Congress to endorse Trump’s campaign as president in 2015. He began serving a prison sentence of 26 months in October.
Hunter pleaded guilty in 2019 to misusing campaign funds. He was due to begin serving an 11-month jail sentence next month.
Trump, who has been harshly critical of Muller’s investigation into his 2016 campaign and its contacts with Russians, pardoned his former campaign aide George Papadopoulos, who had been convicted of making false statements during that probe.
“Today’s pardon helps correct the wrong that Mueller’s team inflicted on so many people,” Trump’s press secretary Kayleigh McEnany said in a statement about Papadopoulous’ pardon.
The president also pardoned Alex van der Zwaan, a lawyer and Dutch national who pleaded guilty of lying to the FBI during the Mueller probe. Van der Zwaan was the first person convicted in the investigation, and was sentenced in 2018 to 30 days in jail.
Trump has been notably stingy with granting executive clemency, which includes pardons and sentence commutations, compared with previous presidents.
Trump had previously issued just 28 pardons and commuted the criminal sentences of 16 other people, according to the Justice Department, a sharply lower rate than that of even other one-term presidents.
Trump’s pardons have included ones to financial fraudster Michael Milken; press baron Conrad Black; former Arizona sheriff Joe Arapaio, who was convicted of contempt of court; Lewis “Scooter” Libby, the former advisor to ex-Vice President Dick Cheney for obstruction of justice; conservative gadfly Dinesh D’Souza, for campaign contribution fraud; and ex-New York Police Commissioner Bernie Kerik, for tax and other crimes.
In November, Trump pardoned his first national security advisor, Michael Flynn, for making false statements to FBI agents.
In July, Trump commuted the 40-month prison sentence of Republican consultant Roger Stone, who was convicted of lying to Congress.
Beneficiaries of his prison sentence commutations also have included former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich, who tried to sell an appointment to the Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama when the latter became president.
Trump previously issued pardons to several dead people, among them the early 20th century Black boxing champion Jack Johnson, for the crime of crossing state lines with his white girlfriend, and Susan B. Anthony, the 19th suffragette convicted of illegal voting.
Trump also pardoned the late scientist Zay Jeffries, who was convicted of engaging in anticompetitive conduct in violation of the Sherman antitrust law in 1948, the year President Harry Truman awarded him the Presidential Medal of Merit for work during World War II, which included contributions to the Manhattan Project.
Trump in August pardoned Alice Marie Johnson, a woman convicted of cocaine distribution conspiracy. The president two years earlier had commuted Johnson’s sentence of life imprisonment after lobbying on her behalf by the reality TV star Kim Kardashian West.
The only other one-term president in the past 30 years, Trump’s fellow Republican George H.W. Bush, by comparison pardoned 74 people and issued commutations for three others.
Obama, who served two terms in office before Trump, pardoned 212 people, or more than six times the number pardoned by Trump in half of that time. Obama commuted the sentences of more than 1,700 people.
The last Republican to serve two terms, George W. Bush, pardoned 189 people, and commuted 11 sentences.
